Fallopian tubes are female reproductive organs that connect the ovaries and the uterus. Every month during ovulation, which occurs roughly in the middle of a menstrual cycle, the fallopian tubes carry an egg from an ovary to the uterus.

Conception also happens in the fallopian tube. If an egg is fertilized by sperm, it moves through the tube to the uterus for implantation.

If a fallopian tube is blocked, the passage for sperm to get to the eggs, as well as the path back to the uterus for the fertilized egg is blocked.

Common cause of blocked fallopian tubes include

Scar tissue

Infections

Pelvic adhesions

Fibroid

Endometriosis

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)  

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Symptoms of blocked fallopian tubes

Blocked fallopian tubes don’t often cause symptoms. Many women don’t know they have blocked tubes until they try to get pregnant and have trouble.

In some cases, blocked fallopian tubes can lead to mild, regular pain on one side of the abdomen. This usually happens in a type of blockage called a hydrosalpinx. This is when fluid fills and enlarges a blocked fallopian tube.

Conditions that can lead to a blocked fallopian tube can cause their own symptoms.

For example, endometriosis often causes very painful and heavy periods and pelvic pain. It can increase your risk for blocked fallopian tubes.

Effect on fertility

Blocked fallopian tubes are a common cause of infertility.

Sperm and an egg meet in the fallopian tube for fertilization. A blocked tube can prevent them from joining.

If both tubes are fully blocked, pregnancy without treatment will be impossible. If the fallopian tubes are partially blocked, you can potentially get pregnant. However, the risk of an ectopic pregnancy increases.

This is because it’s harder for a fertilized egg to move through a blockage to the uterus.

If only one fallopian tube is blocked, the blockage most likely won’t affect fertility because an egg can still travel through the unaffected fallopian tube.

Fertility treatments can help increase your chance of ovulating on the open side.

Causes of blocked fallopian tubes

Fallopian tubes are usually blocked by scar tissue or pelvic adhesions. These can be caused by many factors, including:

Pelvic inflammatory disease; this disease can cause scarring or hydrosalpinx.

Endometriosis; Endometrial tissue can build up in the fallopian tubes and cause a blockage. Endometrial tissue on the outside of other organs can also cause adhesions that block the fallopian tubes.

Certain sexually transmitted infections (STIs); Chlamydia and gonorrhea can cause scarring and lead to pelvic inflammatory disease.

Past ectopic pregnancy; this can scar the fallopian tubes.

Fibroids; these growths can block the fallopian tube, particularly where they attach to the uterus.

Past abdominal surgery especially on the fallopian tubes can lead to pelvic adhesions that block the tubes.

You can’t prevent many causes of blocked fallopian tubes. However, you can decrease your risk of STIs by using a condom during sex.

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The possibility of pregnancy

It’s possible to get pregnant following treatment for blocked fallopian tubes. Your chances for pregnancy will depend on the treatment method and severity of the blockage.

A successful pregnancy is more likely when the blockage is near the uterus. Success rates are lower if the blockage is at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary.

The chance of getting pregnant after surgery for tubes damaged by an infection or ectopic pregnancy is small. It depends on how much of the tube must be removed and what part is removed.

Talk to your doctor before treatment to understand your chances for a successful pregnancy.

Complications of blocked fallopian tubes

The most common complication of blocked fallopian tubes and treatment is ectopic pregnancy. If a fallopian tube is partially blocked, an egg may be able to be fertilized, but it may get stuck in the tube. This results in an ectopic pregnancy, which is a medical emergency.

Surgery that removes part of the fallopian tube also increases the risk of ectopic pregnancy.

Conclusion

Blocked fallopian tubes can cause infertility, but it’s still possible to have a child if you are properly treated.

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